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Turkey has become a country that has increased its production and exports in the field of vegetables, fruits, textiles, nuts, legumes, and medical equipment in recent years. Despite the Covid-19 epidemic that affected the whole world, Turkey is one of the countries that regularly increases its exports every year. Compared to the previous year, Turkey's exports increased by 32.8% in 2021 and reached 225 billion 291 million dollars.

The foreign trade deficit decreased by 7.5 percent to 46 billion 133 million dollars. In the light of these figures, Turkey appears as a country with export potential. With Turkey's role as a bridge between Asia and Europe and with investments and advances in logistics, it has become a trusted country in exports. This has allowed those who want to import to return to Turkey. So, what are the top products to import from Turkey?

Vegetables

Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world, especially in the export of fresh vegetables. Turkey is one of the important actors in the global market with its annual export of fresh vegetables and fruits exceeding 3 billion dollars in 2021. Almost all vegetables are grown in Turkey, which is a mid-rail country with four seasons. The continuation of seasonal productions throughout the year allows exports to continue without interruption. The main vegetables you can import from Turkey are listed below.

Tomato: Turkey's most exported vegetable is the tomato. Tomatoes account for more than 10% of vegetable exports in Turkey. When we look at its production among all vegetables, tomato comes first with a rate of 42%. After meeting the domestic market needs, exported tomatoes are mostly sent to Russia and Romania. Next comes Ukraine and Iraq. Tomato is a vegetable with high added value since it is sold as dried, tomato paste, and ketchup besides its fresh form.

Corn: Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world with an average annual corn production of 6 million tons. Corn, which is produced in a wide area such as the Black Sea, Mediterranean, Marmara, and Aegean regions, is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. According to OEC data, Turkey, which exports 122 million dollars of corn in 2020, ranks 25th in the world.

Fruits

Turkey is one of the world's leading producers of fruits as well as vegetables. Fruits produced by modern agricultural techniques are delivered all over the world. Thanks to its fertile agricultural land, Turkey is one of the countries with the highest yield per planted area.  The main fruits you can import from Turkey are listed below.

Apple: Turkey exports millions of tons of apples to more than 80 countries. Gala apple and green apple are the two main exported apple species.

Grape: One of the most important fruits Turkey exports is grapes. Producers grow many varieties of grapes in Turkey. They are exported in both fresh and dry forms. There are also grapes grown for use in the wine industry.

Nuts

Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world in the export of nuts. Turkey, which is by far the first in the world hazelnut production, is among the top 5 countries in pistachio production. Nutella imports hazelnuts from Turkey, which the whole world loves to consume. In recent years, walnut production has also been increasing in Turkey. Therefore, Turkey has a global share of 2,572% of walnut production. In addition to being consumed simply, nuts are also used in the packaged foods and cosmetics sector.

Legumes

Legumes, one of the main food sources, are a very important agricultural export sector. Anatolia, the land where legumes were first grown, offers you quality and nutritious legumes. The most produced legumes in Turkey are dry beans, chickpeas, green and red lentils, and broad beans. Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world, especially in the production of dry beans and chickpeas.

Textiles

The textile sector, which contributes to the manufacturing sector at a considerable rate, is a very common line of business in Turkey. Turkey is one of the world's leading countries in the production of women's, men's, children's clothing, and silk fabrics. In addition, textile, which is one of the sectors with a high female employment rate, has taken serious steps towards value-added products and branding. Turkey's textile exports have become one of the most important sectors, with an average of more than 15% in total exports. The textile sector corresponds to approximately 40% of the industrial production in Turkey.

Turkey's share in the garment sector in the world is around 5% and is approximately 8 billion dollars annually. In recent years, there have been significant increases in the silk fabric, women’s, and children's clothing sectors.

Medical Types of Equipment

Since 2020, the global spread of a new kind of coronavirus (Covid-19) has heightened countries' interest in and demand for personal protective equipment and medical items. Among the most popular health items are disposable masks, cologne and disinfectants, medical respirators, and surgical gloves. Since 2020, Turkey's output of these, which are essential for both public health and hospital covid departments, has climbed to an all-time high.

The major protective personal equipment includes surgical and everyday use masks, medical gloves, face shields, shielding clothing, and disinfection products. Hygiene is as important in the manufacture of this equipment as it is in high technology. Materials that meet international quality requirements can be employed in surgical operations as well as in everyday life.

What Does Turkish Goods Offer You?

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Turkish Goods delivers the best quality vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, clothing, and medical equipment produced in Turkey at the most affordable price and with the most accurate method. Turkish Goods acts as a bridge between you and the producers and manages the whole process on your behalf. It does not only find quality products for you but it also controls all processes so that they reach you safely. You can contact us to import the top products from Turkey.

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Logistics and transportation operations have gained a different dimension in an increasingly globalized world. Thanks to logistics, everything that people need, from food to technology, can be transported thousands of kilometers away from your region. In the logistics sector, which serves via land, air, and sea transportation, it is vital to transport perishable foods on time and with the right method. 

Fruits, which are among the perishable foods, can be collected after they are ripe and delivered to the desired location by cold chain logistics. So, what do you know about cold chain logistics? How can you import fruits with Turkish Goods using cold chain logistics?

What is Cold Chain Logistics?

The transportation method that aims to deliver cold or frozen foods to the buyer is called cold chain transportation. Fish, dry foods, and fruits can be transported with the cold chain method. However, the temperature in the cold chain may change depending on the characteristics of the product being transported. Consequently, the main goal is to keep the products in a cold environment at all stages. 

Firstly, the collected fruits are first transported in trucks with cooling units. It is then kept in cold storage and finally transported by cold chain cargo. The use of the chain expression here is important because all the steps are interconnected. Disruption at one stage may cause product deterioration and a decrease in quality.

Things to Consider in Cold Chain Logistics

First of all, the process must be well planned. The times of all stages, the quantities of the products, and the transportation vehicles and warehouses where these products will be placed should be checked in advance. When loading fruits onto transport vehicles, they must be loaded quickly but also carefully. After the products are placed, you should make sure that the vehicles and warehouses are not ventilated. Dry and hygienic transportation and storage areas are also necessary for the protection of fruits.

How High Should the Temperature Be During Transportation?

While heat-insensitive products are generally transported at 18 degrees Celsius, products such as fruit, vegetables, and white meat (not frozen) are transported at temperatures between 4-8 degrees. In order to preserve the nutritional value of fresh fruits as much as possible, a method called refrigerated transportation is used.

In the literature, this method is also called cold chain logistics and climate-controlled transport. Cooling units need to be adjusted according to the durability and degradation conditions of each fruit. So which fruits should be transported at what temperature?

  • Pears, apricots, grapes, cherries, sour cherries, strawberries, peaches, apples, pomegranates, nectar, plums, raspberries, figs, and quince should be carried at a temperature of 1-3 degrees.
  • Lemons and oranges are carried at a temperature of 7-10 degrees.
  • Watermelon, melon, and bananas should be carried at a temperature between 7 and 10 degrees.
  • Frozen fruits are transported at a maximum temperature of -18 degrees.
  • Indian types of avocados are not resistant to cold and are kept at temperatures as high as 13 degrees. Cold-resistant avocados can be stored at 4 degrees.

What Features Should the Vehicles Used in Cold Chain Logistics Have?

The amount of fruit to be transported must be large in order to be able to travel long distances between countries in the form of the cold chain. For this purpose, refrigerated ships were built. There may be special cooling volumes on refrigerated ships, or it can be done by connecting electrical energy to the containers loaded on the ship. 

In intercity land and railway transportation, cold chain logistics are carried out with refrigerated pickup trucks. In refrigerated transportation, mostly vehicles that comply with CEMT standards and semi-trailers are used. By procuring the temperature balance of the vehicles, it is ensured that they are transported appropriately without diminishing the product quality.

What Should Be the Storage Conditions?

Storage conditions are of great importance in the field of fruit transportation, as in every logistics operation. Storage conditions for fruits are extremely important, especially for long-distance transport. In order for the fruits to last longer and to be transported without spoiling, the appropriate temperature and relative humidity must be set well. Keeping the fresh fruit at the temperature just before it reaches the freezing point is expressed as the most appropriate temperature.

The best humidity rate is determined as the humidity rate that does not cause any water loss, deterioration, or wrinkling during the storage of the fruits. In addition, if the humidity cannot be adjusted well, darkening may occur in the inner parts of the fruits. Therefore, by determining the most suitable temperature in the warehouses where the fruits are stored and staying at that temperature, rotting and wrinkling of the fruits can be prevented, thus prolonging their shelf life.

How to Import Fruits from Turkish Goods?

As Turkish Goods, we provide services in Asia-Pacific, North America, and all of Europe. We do not only send the fruit to our customers, but we follow all the processes on behalf of our customers. We primarily find trusted producers to offer the best price to our partners around the world.

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Moreover, Turkish Goods provides packaging, logistics, and delivery after submitting the quotation. We follow all these processes legally and guarantee a safe and seamless process. For this, we have developed four quality control mechanisms:

1.   Quality Control Inspection: We provide quality control with a strict inspection from the availability of the product to its delivery.

2.   Private Packaging: We carefully package products to deliver them to you in a robust way and guide you through packaging and logos that reflect your brand image.

3.   Target Product Research: We offer you the most profitable products that best suit your request and budget within a plan.

4.   Resource Research: We evaluate market conditions according to your needs and present various plans for the future.

If you want to reach high-quality and healthy fruits fast with cold chain logistics, you can contact Turkish Goods. You can import fruits with Turkish Goods' cold chain logistics without risks. You can click here for all your relevant questions and support about the process.

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Turkey is a rising nation with a strategic location that connects Europe and Asia. Turkey ranks in the top 30 countries in the world in terms of exports and imports. Considering the import processes, people generally want to have all the information about it. Because every knowledge gained will help you with any problems that may arise. The more you know the rules and the functioning of the necessary institutions, the fewer problems you will have.

Natural or legal persons and institutions that are new to importing first focus on the following question: "How to import goods from Turkey?"

Answering this question has different features for each country. Because international agreements and contracts are different. Moreover, the product registration of each country or the documents that must be collected while bringing the product to the country will differ. However, in this case, there are steps that are general and must be applied. What should you do when importing goods from Turkey? Let's examine it together.

What is the General Procedure for Import?

To summarize the import process briefly, it is the exchange of products between the importer and exporter depending on the product contract. The importer should apply to reliable companies for the products to be ordered and should calculate the transportation process well. Of course, the process is not just about these. General procedures are important.

For each commodity that enters and exits the customs area, a summary declaration must be given to the Customs Administration. The products are temporarily stored once they are presented to customs until they are subjected to customs-approved treatment or usage, and are defined in this context. Temporarily stored commodities can only be kept in locations approved by customs administrations and under the criteria set by these authorities. For products that will leave customs later, a free zone designation statement is required.

Who can Import Goods from Turkey?

Imports are permitted for individuals and institutions who meet the requirements set forth in Article 8 of the Import Regime Decree. Import transactions can be carried out by real and legal people having tax numbers issued in accordance with the Tax Procedure Law, as well as person partnerships permitted to make legal savings in accordance with the current regulations.

It is also important that the product you want to import from Turkey is legal and meets the conditions both in your country and in Turkey. For this, you need to import products that will not contradict the benefit of the country. At this stage, you need to check both the product code from the official sites of your country and the institutions in Turkey.

What Are the Taxes for the Products to be Imported?

Each product has a commodity code. Knowing this code is important for every importer. Moreover, tax brackets may vary depending on the type of your product. You need to prepare transportation tax and documents, copies of contracts, and declarations of mutual customs.

Products are generally listed under five headings by tax and type.

  • List I Agricultural products
  • List II Industrial products,
  • List III Processed agricultural products,
  • List IV Fish and aquaculture,
  • List V Suspension products.

In the given list, customs duty is applied as 0%, provided that it is used only in civil aircraft. To explain the goods to which Value Added Tax is applied; 1% is valid in List No. 1, and 8% VAT is applied in List No. 2. VAT of goods other than these lists is applied as 18%. The consumption tax to be paid at the time of import is valid for tobacco, fuels, electronic goods and cosmetics.

Documentation and Legislation

The legislation and import regime to which the goods are subject differ according to their characteristics. However, as a broad framework, general information on product imports can be found on the Ministry of Economy's legislation website. In addition, you must apply to the relevant institution of the country in which you are located.

Although each product is subject to different features and document requirements, documents related to the goods such as inspection certificate, control certificate, health certificate, analysis report, and CE certificate must be prepared. It will be useful to obtain information from the necessary institutions about which of these documents are required.

Which Products are Imported from Turkey?

Although Turkey is the most preferred country for importing agricultural products with its geographical location, it shines in many sectors. Especially in the electronic products and clothing sector, its progressive horizon is stimulating the shopping markets in other countries.

With the corona epidemic, Turkey's products were added to the increase, especially in the health products and pharmaceutical sector. In this respect, if you need to sort on a general basis, you can import any product from Turkey. However, agricultural products and local delicacies are in the first place. Industrial products and electronics are next, followed by toys. The import rate of health care products from Turkey has also increased gradually.

As a result, you can import products in every lane, from electronic parts that have been produced and developed to the food and beverage industry.

Reach the Goods You Want with Turkish Goods

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It can be challenging to handle the process reliably, as the processes of importing products are difficult as well as transportation. Turkish Goods safely carries all kinds of products between exporters and importers. For Turkish Goods, safety and quality are a discipline. It acts by carrying out meticulous work at every stage, from the quality packaging processes of the products to their quality controls. You will not get tired while searching for products that fit your business plans and budget.

Moreover, you can access the necessary information in the bank transactions and contracts section during product shopping. You can browse Turkish Goods to buy the product you want safely, in the category you want. You can find the real meaning of quality with service in 13 languages and fast turnaround service within 48 hours. The aim of Turkish Goods is to bring the import and export to the most distinguished position with the quality of the storage systems in the sea, air, and land transportation.

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Shipping forms the backbone of trade. It is of great importance for all the importers and exporters of the world. Every stage should work flawlessly. The products should be delivered from one point to another without any damage. Especially maritime transport has a significant share in world trade today. If you are going to do business in this field, it is useful to know some terms. One of these terms is Free on Board (FOB).

Free on Board shipping is one of the delivery methods used only in the maritime transportation industry. FOB indicates all the responsibility of the firm or person who will supply the goods until they carry the goods to the deck of the ship to which they are to be transported. FOB shipping refers to the transfer of responsibility and ownership of goods from a seller to a buyer. It's used to eliminate misunderstandings between sellers and buyers concerning ownership transfer points and shipping charges.

FOB shipping is the seller's way of delivering the goods after they are loaded on the designated ship at the designated port. In this term, the seller must have completed all export customs procedures for the goods.

When a shipment is designated as FOB, the seller considers the transaction complete as soon as the goods leave their warehouse. The buyer is responsible for the delivery fees. They own the goods in transit to their warehouse.

Use of FOB

FOB is only used in a limited number of international and domestic shipping settings. It is used by companies that ship goods internationally by rivers, canals, and sea freight. The use of FOB for road freight is prohibited by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Costs of FOB

The costs of FOB shipping can be listed as follows.

  • Transport costs to the shipping port
  • The costs of loading goods on a transport ship
  • Sea freight shipping costs
  • Unloading costs
  • Insurance costs
  • Shipping costs of goods from the port of origin to the port of destination

FOB Shipping Categories

FOB is divided into two groups because the items must be insured by either the buyer or the seller at each stage of the shipping process.

FOB Origin

If an order is "FOB origin", ownership goes to the buyer the moment it leaves the seller. If transportation is needed to bring the goods to the buyer, the buyer must contract for it and pay for it.

The buyer is responsible for the following when the order is FOB origin.

  • Freight charge
  • Fees associated with transportation damages
  • Filing of insurance claims for damaged products
  • Control of the title and goods

FOB Destination

In "FOB destination", when items are delivered to the buyer, the buyer takes ownership. The seller is in charge of organizing and paying for the buyer's shipping. On the other hand, the seller can claim these costs from the buyer. The seller is also liable for any damage that occurs while the item is being transported to the buyer.

A FOB destination shipper has the following responsibilities.

  • The title and control of the goods
  • Freight charges
  • Keeping the product's worth, including completing insurance claims for any goods that were damaged during shipment
  • Choosing a carrier and a route

To summarize, in FOB destination, the shipper must pay for the freight charges, while in FOB origin, the receiver is responsible. But companies can make changes to the contract as needed. There may also be differences in payment terms.

Related Shipping Terms

Some shipping terms are used with FOB to clarify payment status and responsibilities.

  • Freight Prepaid and Allowed: In this category, the seller commits to cover all shipping costs. These costs are included in the pre-shipment payment.
  • Prepaid and Add: It means that the seller initially pays the freight charges. Moreover, the seller attaches an invoice for the buyer to reimburse.
  • Freight Collect: The buyer is responsible for all shipping costs.
  • Collect and Add: The buyer is responsible for freight costs, which are deducted from the invoice.
  • Prepaid: As the name suggests, prepaid means that the seller has paid the freight charges in advance.

Tax Compliance

If you're in a place that charges sales tax on shipping, FOB will be beneficial for you. For FOB origin cargoes, the buyer usually contracts with the sender. They pay the freight costs directly to you. Places, where freight charges are paid directly, are exempt from sales tax. Thus, the buyer will generally not have to pay sales tax on shipping costs.

FOB Shipping vs. FOB Destination

There are two differences between the FOB shipping point and FOB destination. The party paying the shipping costs and the time of transfer of ownership from the seller to the buyer separate these two terms.

Under the FOB shipping point, it is the buyer who pays the shipping cost. The buyer becomes the owner after shipment.

In the FOB destination, the seller pays the shipping costs. Also, unlike the shipping point, the seller retains ownership until delivery.

Advantages of FOB Shipping

FOB shipping is frequently chosen since it is the most cost-effective option. Buyers generally do not pay large costs under FOB contracts. They also have more flexibility and control over terms, cost, freight forwarding planning, and other factors.

Risks of FOB Shipping

If you buy goods with FOB from another country, you are responsible for the risks and costs of transportation from the moment goods are loaded onto a ship. As goods are loaded, you are liable for any loss, damage, or additional expenditures.

Why Is FOB a Big Deal?

Consequently, FOB is essential for determining who is liable for a shipment's safe delivery. It's also a way to find out who owns the items during the shipping process. It is also useful for accountants, who can record the time a transaction happens depending on the FOB location of delivery.

You may want to keep costs down by making your own shipping arrangements with FOB. But you have to make sure that you can cover the responsibility if something goes wrong.

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Letter of credit payment is a commonly used payment method in the financial world. Today, this method is frequently preferred in foreign trade. In international trade, insecurity may arise if the importer and exporter do not know each other very well. The exporter wants to collect the price of the products he sells. On the other hand, the importer aims to receive the goods on time. This is where the letter of credit comes into play. 

This method is a type of payment that provides assurance to both parties. Thus, communication difficulties due to different time zones and long distances are eliminated. In the letter of credit, the payment is secured by the bank. You can safely use a letter of credit in your foreign trade transactions. If you have questions about the letter of credit, you will find the answers you are looking for in this article.

A letter of credit is a contract in which the foreign buyer's bank undertakes to pay after the exporter sends the goods and submits the necessary documents to the exporter's bank as proof. Banks or other financial institutions mediate letters of credit transactions.

Exporters and importers are protected by letters of credit. They can assist you in gaining new business in overseas markets. This means that the exporter is guaranteed payment while the importer is given the proper payment conditions.

Reduced Risks

Let's say you are an importer. If you use a letter of credit, you can only pay for goods after the supplier has proven that the goods have been shipped. You also do not need to pay any advances or deposits to the exporter. So, you can protect your cash flow as well. Moreover, a letter of credit shows your creditworthiness. Therefore, it provides instant credibility for you.

For exporters, on the other hand, a letter of credit is like insurance. If the price of the goods sent by the exporter has not been paid by the buyer, the letter of credit payment works like insurance. In such a case, the financial institution will cover the amount. Therefore, a letter of credit is like a shield against legal risks. Because as long as the exporter meets the delivery conditions, his payment is guaranteed. Letter of credit provides another important advantage to exporters. It can be shown as collateral in working capital loans for exporters.

Parties in Letter of Credit Payment

The beneficiary is an exporter. In other words, it is the party that supplies or sells the goods.

The applicant is the buyer. It is the party that requests the bank to create a letter of credit.

The issuing bank is the bank that creates the letter of credit upon the request of the buyer.

The advising bank is located in the exporter's country and notifies the exporter of the letter of credit.

How Does It Work?

The International Chamber of Commerce's (ICC) UCP 600 and ISBP 745 regulations have determined how letters of credit will work. ISBP 745 gives certain details and implementing directives, while UCP 600 outlines the rules.

The payment is made by the issuing bank to the beneficiary or to the bank he designates. The beneficiary may give the right to draw to another entity if the letter of credit is transferable. Banks charge a fee for the service, which is a percentage of the size of the letter of credit.

Letter of Credit Costs

There is no predetermined charge for this service. The fees will be determined by the bank you use. A percentage of the amount covered by the letter of credit is likely to be collected. This fee normally does not exceed a few percentage points. However, it varies depending on factors like your credit history.

Types of Letter of Credit

Revocable Letter of Credit

In the case of a revocable letter of credit, the buyer or the issuing bank may change or cancel the letter without formal notice.

Irrevocable Letter of Credit

An irrevocable letter of credit is the opposite of a revocable letter of credit. It cannot be canceled or altered in any way unless the buyer, seller, and issuing bank have an explicit agreement.

Confirmed Letter of Credit

The exporter has a payment guarantee from a second bank or confirming bank in a confirmed letter of credit.

Unconfirmed Letter of Credit

Only the issuing bank can guarantee an unconfirmed letter of credit. An unconfirmed letter of credit is a common type, but in areas of economic distress and political uncertainty, payment may be at risk.

Transferrable Letter of Credit

This type is a letter of credit that allows the primary beneficiary to transfer the credit to another party. Thus, in this type, a second beneficiary arises.

Straight Letter of Credit

A limited engagement clause is included in this sort of letter of credit. The issuing bank agrees to pay the beneficiary upon submission of the required documents at its own counters or at its own counters of the named bank, according to the clause.

Restricted Letter of Credit

Only one authorized bank can be used for negotiations in this category. As a result, the issuing bank's ability to pay the beneficiary is restricted to a single, specified bank.

Unrestricted Letter of Payment

Unlike the restricted letter of payment, in this type, the bank is not specified. As a result, the beneficiary's chosen bank can be used to negotiate the letter of credit.

Usance Letter of Credit

The usance letter of credit may delay the payment by allowing time for the buyer to inspect or sell the goods.

Sight Letter of Credit

A sight letter of credit is a document confirming payment for goods and services. Payment can be made when this document is presented along with the required documents.

How to Get a Letter of Credit?

In short, if you want to get a letter of credit, you need to contact your bank. Not every institution has a letter of credit opportunity, but the bank you contact may also direct you to other institutions. You should present the necessary information to the bank in detail. Then the bank will explain whether it considers you suitable for the letter of credit.